Antibiotic usage in veterinary practice
3. Antibiotic usage in veterinary practice
Published 29 April 2021 | Updated 20 September 2024
Data on antibiotic usage in animals in the UK has primarily been sourced from the Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) reports published by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate. However, as many antibiotics are authorised for use in multiple animal species, it is not possible to determine from sales data how much is used per species. More recently ‘big data’ projects such as SAVSNET and VetCompass have been able to provide additional data on antibiotic usage in companion animals.
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- Veterinary Medicines Directorate (2020) UK Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance and Sales Surveillance (VARSS) Report 2019 [online] Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/veterinary-antimicrobial-resistance-and-sales-surveillance-2019 [Accessed 8 April 2021]
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate (2016) Understanding the mg/PCU calculation used for antibiotic monitoring in food-producing animals [online] Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/understanding-the-mgpcu-calculation-used-for-antibiotic-monitoring-in-food-producing-animals [Accessed 8 April 2021]
- European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) [European Medicines Agency] [online] Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/veterinary-regulatory/overview/antimicrobial-resistance/european-surveillance-veterinary-antimicrobial-consumption-esvac [Accessed 8 April 2021]
- Analysis of antimicrobial consumption and resistance (‘JIACRA’ reports) [European Medicines Agency] [online] Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/veterinary-regulatory/overview/antimicrobial-resistance/analysis-antimicrobial-consumption-resistance-jiacra-reports [Accessed 8 April 2021]
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- Waret-Szkuta, A. et al (2019) How input parameters and calculation rules influence on-farm antimicrobial use indicators in animals. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 6, p. 438. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00438
- Van Boeckel, T.P. et al (2015) Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112 (18), pp. 5649-5654. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503141112
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- Hyde, R.M. et al (2017) Quantitative analysis of antimicrobial use on British dairy farms. Veterinary Record, 181 (25), p. 683. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104614
- Humphry, R.W. (2021) Estimating antimicrobial usage based on sales to beef and dairy farms from UK veterinary practices. Veterinary Record. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.28
- Davies, P. et al (2017) Quantitative analysis of antibiotic usage in British sheep flocks. Veterinary Record, 181 (19), p. 511. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104501
- O’Neill, L. et al (2020) Quantification, description and international comparison of antimicrobial use on Irish pig farms. Porcine Health Management, 6, no. 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-00166-y
- Moura, P. et al. (2022) Use of a new antimicrobial consumption monitoring system (Vet-AMNet): Application to Dutch dairy sector over a 9-year period. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, no. 984771. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.984771
- Mateus, A. et al (2011) Antimicrobial usage in dogs and cats in first opinion veterinary practices in the UK. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 52 (10), pp.515-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01098.x
- Buckland, E.L. et al (2016) Characterisation of antimicrobial usage in cats and dogs attending UK primary care companion animal veterinary practices. Veterinary Record, 179 (19), p. 489. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103830
- Radford, A.D. et al (2011) Antibacterial prescribing patterns in small animal veterinary practice identified via SAVSNET: the small animal veterinary surveillance network. Veterinary Record, 169 (12), p. 310. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d5062
- Del Solar Bravo, R.E. et al. (2023) Antibiotic therapy in dogs and cats in general practise in the United Kingdom before referral. Journal of Small Animal Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13615
- Singleton, D.A. et al (2017) Patterns of antimicrobial agent prescription in a sentinel population of canine and feline veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. The Veterinary Journal, 224, pp.18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.03.010
- Hardefeldt, L.Y. et al (2018) Population wide assessment of antimicrobial use in dogs and cats using a novel data source–a cohort study using pet insurance data. Veterinary Microbiology, 225, pp. 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.010
- Weese, J.S. et al. (2022) Estimation of defined daily doses of antimicrobials for dogs and cats treated for bacterial cystitis. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 63 (8), pp. 851-854.
- Tallon, R.E., Whitt, B. and Bladon, B. (2023) Antibiotic usage in 14 equine practices over a 10‐year period (2012–2021). Equine Veterinary Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13988
- Antimicrobial prescribing and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in equine practice. Equine Veterinary Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13587 . et al. (2022)
- Mair, T.S. and Parkin, T.D. (2022) Audit of antimicrobial use in eleven equine practices over a five-year period (2014–2018). Equine Veterinary Education, 34 (8), pp. 404-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13438
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